Sensor node network for a Smart City

Abstract

This article explores the role of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the development of smart cities, emphasizing their integration with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and 5G connectivity. The study highlights how WSNs enable the collection, transmission, and real-time processing of data, facilitating the automation and optimization of urban services. Through a descriptive and prospective observational approach, the research reviews 21 bibliographic sources to analyze the convergence of telecommunications networks and wireless sensors, focusing on their impact on social well-being and urban development. Key findings reveal that WSNs, supported by 5G networks, allow millions of devices to exchange information continuously or intermittently, automating services such as traffic control, lighting, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. The article concludes that WSNs, combined with IoT, AI, and Big Data, are essential for creating sustainable and efficient smart cities, improving the quality of life for citizens and addressing the challenges of urbanization in the 21st century.